系級：心理一

姓名：何柔漪

學號：06135047

Environmental defender granted permission to challenge Trump’s seawall in Doonbeg

February 28th, 2018   Source: GREEN NEWS. ie

Ireland’s most prolific environmental litigant has secured leave from the High Court to challenge the construction of a large rock barrier at US President Donald Trump’s Doonbeg golf club in Co Clare.

In an affidavit, Peter Sweetman said that, having reviewed all the publicly available documents on the proposed coastal erosion management works, he could not find any reference to the Council carrying out an appropriate assessment (AA).

He added that the location of the development in an environmentally sensitive area at the northern end of Doughmore Bay requires a full AA to be carried out prior to planning being granted.

The new legal move brought by Mr Sweetman challenges Clare County Council’s decision to grant permission for the 38,000-tonne rock barrier just days become Christmas last year.

The approval was granted despite strong opposition from several local and environmental groups such as An Taisce and Friends of the Irish Environment (FIE).

Mr Sweetman was a key member of FiE when the NGO first challenged planning permission for the golf course back in 1999.

FiE Director Tony Lowes welcomed the decision, adding that it rightly puts the focus back on the County Council.

“Too often Local Authorities give permission, knowing that if the decision is challenged, it will be An Bord Pleanala who will ultimately be blamed,” he added.

“In this case, the Local Authority will rightly have to face up to ignoring the State and its own Environmental Officer in granting a permission that flies in the face of our nature conservation legislation.”

The High Court also imposed a stay on An Bord Pleanala making any ruling on the appeal until the case is completed.

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES DONALD TRUMP SPEAKING AT THE 2017 CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL ACTION CONFERENCE (CPAC) PHOTO: GAGE SKIDMORE

An Taisce Challenge

At the end of January, An Taisce lodged an appeal with An Bord Pleanála over the permission granted by Clare County.

The charity argues said the Natura Impact Statement submitted by the applicant could not satisfy the requirements of the Habitats Directive.

“It has not been appropriately demonstrated that the proposed development would not adversely affect the integrity of the Special Area of Conservation,” said Doireann Ni Cheallaigh, An Taisce’s Planning Officer.

She added that neither the applicant nor the Planning Authority adequately considered alternative options such as redesigning the golf course.

Ms Ni Cheallaigh added: “It would be more sustainable in the long term to redesign the course so that the affected holes are moved away from the coastline so that the natural protection provided by the dunes can be optimised.”

In its submission, An Taisce states that the justification for the proposed protection works, which points to waves, sea level rise, and storms are the leading cause of loss of the dune frontage, is “scientifically unfounded and inaccurate”.

An Taisce’s submission instead points to the golf course itself as the cause of the loss of sand dune habitat, noting that sea defence, stabilisation works, and golf courses expansion works are widely accepted as leading drivers of sand dune loss internationally.

In 2014, the National Parks and Wildlife Service raised concern that the golf course had “impacted negatively” on the entire sand dune system.

“This is most notable at the centre of the system where the golf course extends right out to the frontline. Given the fact that this system is retreating the golf course should have been located well back from the seaward edge,” the NPWS document states.

Sand dune systems are important for both coastal environments and human populations, and support a broad range of flora and fauna, yet, a large percentage of dunes across Europe are in an unfavourable and bad condition.

心得：Donald Trump is notorious for his controversial statements, including but not limited to environmental issues. For an instance, his latest claim – contrary to obvious scientific evidence – that sea ice is at a record-high level. However, contrary to what he claimed, climate change is a serious global issue, and the US, which is one of the leading emitters, has a crucial role to play when it comes to our attempts to tackle its impacts. We are seeing more frequent natural disasters and extreme weather events across the globe, and the US is not immune. President Trump’s move to protect his precious golf resort in Doonbeg, Co Clare is a massive impact of sea level rise. Unfortunately for the Donald, the golf course lies next to and partly within a special area of conservation, classified as an especially-important domain of resources, the country puts great effort into protection of the area. Despite the restrictions, the wall was still approved last December.

Irish environmentalist groups are fighting the decision on the Doonbeg wall, while a lot of fight back in the US is also taking place. Senators are criticizing Donald Trump for his lack of participation, and the people are protesting as well, even going so far as to file a lawsuit against America’s climate policies. The decisions of the Trump administration clearly pose a danger to the environment on many levels.

Proclaiming climate science as fake news and the lack of international efforts to tackle climate change could seriously cast heavy consequences for the future of the entire planet, the new president of America is stirring up more controversy and damage than ever. We can but hope that, in the near future, the issue of climate change will be taken seriously and the current administration’s wall blocking out lasting environmental protection will be brought down.